Trekking to Kilimanjaro: Everything You Need to Know

Climbing Kilimanjaro is a challenging but achievable goal for most people with a reasonable level of fitness. It doesn't require technical climbing skills, but the trek can be physically demanding due to the altitude and length of the hike. The highest peak, Uhuru Peak, stands at 5,895 meters (19,341 feet), and reaching it involves trekking for several days through varied terrain and weather conditions. Good cardiovascular health, stamina, and a positive attitude are essential. While you don't need to be an athlete, regular exercise and endurance training will prepare you for the journey.

We recommend a sturdy pair of walking boots or shoes and wear them in before you go.

·      Here are our recommendations for the Scarpa ones we use: hiking boots (Click here) or approach shows (click here.)

Training for Kilimanjaro should start at least three to six months before your trek. Focus on building your endurance, strength, and cardiovascular fitness. Long hikes on varied terrain, preferably with a weighted backpack, are excellent preparation. Incorporate aerobic exercises like running, cycling, or swimming to improve your cardiovascular health. Strength training, particularly for your legs, core, and back, will help you handle the physical demands of the trek. Additionally, practice breathing exercises to improve your lung capacity and learn how to manage your energy levels and hydration during prolonged physical activity.

The Kilimanjaro trek offers a diverse and breathtaking range of experiences. You'll pass through five distinct ecological zones: cultivated land, rainforest, heath, alpine desert, and arctic summit. Each zone has its unique flora and fauna, from lush rainforests teeming with monkeys and birds to the sparse, rocky landscapes of the alpine desert. As you ascend, you'll witness stunning views, including the Shira Plateau, Lava Tower, and the glaciers near the summit. The journey is not just a physical challenge but also an opportunity to learn about the mountain's geology, ecology, and cultural significance. The sense of achievement upon reaching Uhuru Peak is unparalleled.

Rainforest Zone (800m - 3,000m)

1. Camphorwood (Ocotea usambarensis): Large, evergreen trees found in the lower montane forests.
2. Fig Trees (Ficus spp.): Common in the rainforest, providing fruit and habitat for various animals.
3. Podocarpus (Podocarpus latifolius): Tall coniferous trees often seen in the forest canopy.
4. Giant Ferns: Lush, prehistoric-looking plants that thrive in the damp rainforest undergrowth.
5. Impatiens Kilimanjari: Unique flowering plants endemic to Kilimanjaro's rainforest.

Heath and Moorland Zone (3,000m - 4,000m)

1. Heather (Erica arborea): Shrubby plants that dominate the moorland, often covered in moss and lichen.
2. Giant Lobelias (Lobelia deckenii): Striking plants with tall, spiky flowers, adapted to the high-altitude environment.
3. Protea Kilimandscharica: Small shrubs with distinct flowers, common in the heath zone.
4. Everlasting Flowers (Helichrysum spp.): Hardy, long-lasting blooms that can survive harsh conditions.

Alpine Desert Zone (4,000m - 5,000m)

1. Giant Groundsels (Dendrosenecio kilimanjari): Unique, tall plants with thick trunks and rosettes of leaves, adapted to the cold, dry conditions.
2. Lichens and Mosses: Hardy, low-growing plants that can withstand the extreme conditions of the alpine desert.

Arctic Summit Zone (5,000m - 5,895m)

1. Sparse Vegetation: Very few plants can survive here, but some hardy lichens and mosses can be found.

Fauna

Rainforest Zone

1. Blue Monkeys (Cercopithecus mitis): Agile primates often seen in the treetops.
2. Colobus Monkeys (Colobus guereza): Black-and-white monkeys with long, flowing tails.
3. Bushbabies (Galago spp.): Small, nocturnal primates known for their large eyes and leaping abilities.
4. Elephants (Loxodonta africana): Occasionally seen in the lower forest areas.
5. Birds: Turacos, hornbills, and a variety of colourful species.

Heath and Moorland Zone

1. Buffalo (Syncerus caffer): Sometimes spotted grazing in the heath areas.
2. Antelopes: Species like the duiker and eland can be seen.
3. Birds: The scarlet-tufted malachite sunbird and alpine chat are common.

Alpine Desert Zone

1. Birds: The alpine swift and the Kilimanjaro white-eye are adapted to the high altitude.
2. Insects: Various hardy insects, including butterflies, have adapted to this harsh environment.

Arctic Summit Zone

1. Very Limited Wildlife: The extreme conditions mean that few animals can survive at the summit. Occasionally, birds like the white-necked raven can be seen.

Our guides and porters are local Tanzanians, who are experienced, knowledgeable, and trained to ensure your safety and comfort. They are certified by the Kilimanjaro National Park and have extensive experience leading treks on the mountain. The guides are skilled in mountain safety, first aid, and high-altitude trekking. Porters carry your gear, set up camps, and prepare meals, allowing you to focus on the hike. They play a crucial role in your journey, and their expertise and support are invaluable

Packing for Kilimanjaro requires careful planning to ensure you have everything you need for the trek's varied conditions. Essential items include a good-quality, waterproof hiking backpack; layered clothing for warmth; a down jacket; waterproof pants and jacket; thermal underwear; a hat and gloves; sturdy hiking boots; and a sleeping bag rated for cold temperatures. Additionally, bring a headlamp, trekking poles, a water bladder or bottles, a first-aid kit, sunscreen, sunglasses, and personal hygiene items. Don’t forget to pack high-energy snacks and any necessary medications.

Walking poles are helpful as well to increase comfort and stability on the trek – here is our recommendation for top kit to pack for your trek:

Technical gear 

·      Lightweight Insulated Gloves. Click here.

Accessories:

·      Nimsdai x Vallon Glacier Glasses – Category 4 sunglasses, perfect for the mountains. Click here.

·      Utility Bag – keep all your hygiene essentials in one place. This one had a mirror and hanger. Click here.

·      Cap – Keep the sun or rain  off your face. An essential piece of gear. Click here.

·      Beanie – warm and fits under helmets when climbing. Click here.

·      Neck warmer . Click here

·      Insulated Flask – keep drinks hot or cold. Click here.

·      Coffee Mug – perfect for treks and base camp. Click here. (Not essential)

·      A Duffel bag to keep all your kit in (with locks.) Click here.

Here is our easy layering guide to all the kit you need:

Outer layers: 

·      K2 Waterproof Jacket – stay dry with the breathable three-layer GORE-TEX PRO® technology. Team them with your K2 Winter trousers when the weather sets in. Click here.

·       Project Possible Down Jacket - outstanding warmth through 790 fill power down with a Durable Water Repellent treated nylon and 15k/15K membrane. Click here.

Mid Layers:

·      Exped Fleece - high-performance polyester Polartec® Thermal Pro fleece – warm and breathable. Click here.

·      Baltoro soft shell trekking trousers - Built to be versatile for all outdoor adventures, these Nylon Thermalite fabric pants feature a Durable Water Repellent treatment with a brushed interior, and Nylon/Kevlar knee pads. Click here.

Baselayers:

·      Nimsdai Baselayer - lightweight, breathable with a SPF 50/ UV protection built into the soft, anti-microbial fleece to protect you wash, after wash. Click here.

The temperature on Kilimanjaro varies greatly depending on the altitude and time of day. At the base, temperatures can be as high as 30°C (86°F), but as you ascend, it gets significantly colder. In the rainforest zone, temperatures range from 10-20°C (50-68°F). The alpine desert and arctic zones can see temperatures drop below freezing, especially at night. At the summit, it can be as cold as -20°C (-4°F). Layering your clothing is crucial to adapt to these changing conditions, and having the right gear will ensure you stay warm and comfortable throughout the trek.

To enter Tanzania, most visitors require a tourist visa, which can be obtained on arrival or online before your trip. Ensure your passport is valid for at least six months beyond your entry date and has blank pages for entry stamps. You will also need proof of yellow fever vaccination if you are arriving from a country with a risk of yellow fever transmission. The best airport to fly into for Kilimanjaro is Kilimanjaro International Airport (JRO), located about 45 minutes from Arusha and approximately two hours from the mountain's main gates. It's relatively easy to get from the airport to the starting point of your trek with pre-arranged transport. Or team will be able to give you all the information you need to ensure your visa and transfer process is seemless.

Tanzania is generally considered safe for tourists, with the majority of visitors experiencing trouble-free travel. The country welcomes thousands of tourists each year who come to explore its natural wonders and cultural heritage. However, like any travel destination, it's important to take basic precautions: be aware of your surroundings, avoid displaying valuables, and follow local advice. Our guides are trained to ensure your safety throughout your trek. Staying in reputable accommodations and using trusted transportation services also contribute to a safe and enjoyable experience.

Yes, certain vaccinations are recommended or required for travel to Tanzania. These include yellow fever, hepatitis A and B, typhoid, and rabies. Malaria is a risk in many parts of Tanzania, so taking prophylactic medication and using mosquito repellent is advised. Consult with a travel health specialist well in advance of your trip to ensure you have all necessary vaccinations and medications. Additionally, consider carrying a basic medical kit, including treatment for common travel ailments.

Toilets on Kilimanjaro are basic but functional. Campsites usually have long-drop or pit latrines, which are simple wooden structures with a hole in the ground. While not luxurious, they serve their purpose. On the trek, you'll also have access to portable toilets. Bringing your own toilet paper, hand sanitiser, and biodegradable wipes can make the experience more comfortable. Despite the simplicity, maintaining hygiene is a priority, and our team ensures that facilities are kept as clean as possible.

The best time to climb Kilimanjaro is during the dry seasons, which are from late June to October and from late December to February. These months typically offer the best weather conditions with clearer skies and lower chances of rain. The dry seasons are also warmer, which can make the trek more comfortable. However, these periods are also the busiest, so it's important to book your trek well in advance.

Meals on Kilimanjaro treks are designed to be nutritious and energy-boosting to support you through the climb. Typical meals include soups, fresh fruit and vegetables, rice, pasta, potatoes, and meat. Breakfast might include porridge, eggs, toast, and tea or coffee. Lunches are usually packed to eat on the trail, and dinners are hearty to help you recover. Special dietary needs can often be accommodated with prior notice- so please let the team know how they can help.

No, climbing Kilimanjaro without a guide is not permitted. The Tanzanian government requires all trekkers to be accompanied by a licensed guide and support team. This regulation is in place to ensure the safety of climbers and to support the local economy by providing employment for guides, porters, and other staff.

The main challenges of climbing Kilimanjaro include altitude sickness, cold temperatures, and physical exhaustion. Altitude sickness can affect anyone, regardless of fitness level, and it's crucial to acclimatize properly and recognize symptoms early. The cold can be extreme, especially at higher altitudes, so proper gear is essential. The physical demands of trekking for several days require good preparation and stamina. Our team will be with you every step of the way to help you achieve your new possible – so if you have any questions, please ask.

To deal with altitude sickness, it's important to ascend slowly, stay hydrated, and listen to your body. Symptoms include headaches, nausea, dizziness, and shortness of breath. If symptoms worsen, it's crucial to descend to a lower altitude. Our guides and team are trained in first aid and support for altitude sickness, so just let us know if you start to feel unwell.

Travel insurance for a Kilimanjaro trek should cover high-altitude trekking up to 6,000 meters, medical emergencies, trip cancellations, and lost or stolen belongings. Ensure your policy includes emergency evacuation, as this can be crucial in case of severe altitude sickness or injury. It's best to review your insurance options thoroughly and choose a comprehensive policy that covers all aspects of your trip. We recommend Global Rescue for high-altitude emergency insurance.

 You can find all the information about Elite Exped’s Kilimanjaro treks here. We will be by your side every step of the way.